Sources and Resources

Understanding fatphobia

Cited articles

Texte de Sánchez, É., Illustrations de Boiseau, M. (2021). Quand le poids est politique. Ballast, 11(1), 101-109. https://doi.org/10.3917/ball.011.0101.

Lavrilloux, M. (2023). Rapport au corps et normes de minceur au prisme du genre : quels enjeux ? Bulletin de psychologie, Numéro 580(2), 119-131. https://doi.org/10.3917/bupsy.580.0119.

Strings, S. (2019). Fearing the Black Body: The Racial Origins of Fat Phobia. NYU Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv335kw2p

Stutts, Lauren & Myers, Taryn. (2023). The Impact of Body Talk on Body Dissatisfaction, Fat Phobia, and Negative Affect. Stigma and Health. 10. 512-520. 10.1037/sah0000503.

Language and fatphobia

Sources

Representation in Pop Culture

Sources

Social Media

Literature

Boepple, L., & Thompson, J. K. (2016). A content analytic comparison of fitspiration and thinspiration websites. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 49(1), 98-101.

Clark, O., Lee, M. M., Jingree, M. L., O’Dwyer, E., Yue, Y., Marrero, A., … & Mattei, J. (2021). Weight stigma and social media: evidence and public health solutions. Frontiers in nutrition, 8, 739056.

Cohen, R., Newton-John, T., & Slater, A. (2017). The relationship between Facebook and Instagram appearance-focused activities and body image concerns in young women. Body image, 23, 183-187.

Cohen, R., Irwin, L., Newton-John, T., & Slater, A. (2019). #bodypositivity: A content analysis of body positive accounts on Instagram. Body image, 29, 47-57.

Rousseau, A. (2021). Adolescents’ selfie-activities and idealized online self-presentation: An application of the sociocultural model. Body Image, 36, 16-26.

Artificial Intelligence

The following resources were used in writing the articles on AI, image and text AI responses. These are sources that you are encouraged to fully read to get a better understanding of AI, its mechanisms and the anti-fat and pro-thin biases (and more). To drive systemic change, we must understand how AI encodes and amplifies the biases and stereotypes that shape the perception, treatment and dignity of fat people and these articles and papers can help you understand why.

Articles cited in “AI and visual image creation”

Jane Warren, Gary M. Weiss, Fernando Martinez, Annika Guo, and Yijun Zhao. (2025). Decoding Fatphobia: Examining Anti-Fat and Pro-Thin Bias in AI-Generated Images. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2025, pages 4724–4736, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Association for Computational Linguistics (last visited 05.01.2025)

Linardon, Jake (2025). “Generative AI and Eating Disorders: Exposing Stereotypes in Image Depictions and Setting a Research Agenda.” International Journal of Eating Disorders, https://doi.org/10.1111/eat.70005.

For more information on biases in AI

Vázquez, A. F. D. C., & Garrido-Merchán, E. C. (2024). A Taxonomy of the Biases of the Images created by Generative Artificial Intelligence. arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.01556.

Feminist AI resources

https://www.feminist-ai.com (last visited, 06.01.2026)

https://notmy.ai (last visited 06.01.2026)

https://aplusalliance.org (last visited 06.01.2026)

https://collections.fes.de/publikationen/ident/fes/21888 (last visited 07.01.2026)

Other interesting articles about AI and its functioning

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/ai/ai-101/how-does-generative-ai-work (last visited 02.01.2026)

https://www.theguardian.com/news/2025/nov/18/what-ai-doesnt-know-global-knowledge-collapse?CMP=fb_gu&utm_medium=Social_img&utm_source=Facebook&fbclid=IwY2xjawOK70tleHRuA2FlbQIxMABicmlkETBjeGFUUDNRTjlHNnNtUG9rc3J0YwZhcHBfaWQQMjIyMDM5MTc4ODIwMDg5MgABHrKtGlNYPQr4yJ8moQIm2cGAtdl9OmR1RS_qrJjgJaiPpNYQxOUVMN1Okc2h_aem_KWjB3dGu3pNbxZR3SBUwxw#Echobox=1763559251 (last visited, 30.12.2025)

https://www.cirsd.org/en/horizons/horizons-summer-2019-issue-no-14/artificial-intelligence-and-the-risk-of-new-colonialism (last visited, 30.12.2025)

Fat-friendly spaces

Fat-Friendly Spaces resources

FAIR Principles – GO FAIR (last visit on 06/01/2026)

CARE Principles — Global Indigenous Data Alliance (last visit on 06/01/2026)

Healthcare sector resources

Castillo, S. D. C., García, P. C., Bautista, K. a. A., Villanueva, M. P., Morales, D. K. M., Valenzuela, D. H., Barroso, O. D. L., & Villegas-Dominguez, J. E. (2024). Perception of fatphobia and pesocentrism within medical consultation. European Journal of Public Health, 34(Supplement_3). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckae144.1556.

UN, Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Universal Declaration of Human Rights | United Nations

ASDAH – Promoting the Health at Every Size Approach (last visit on 07/01/2026)

Welcome – HAES Health Sheets (last visit on 07/01/2026)

I invite everyone who reads this site to also read the articles and research on this page, which provide a broader overview of the concept of fatphobia: Resources – HAES Health Sheets

Fashion and clothing resources

Aydinoğlu, Nilüfer Z.; Krishna, Aradhna (2012). “Imagining thin: Why vanity sizing works“. Journal of Consumer Psychology. 22 (4): 565–572. doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2011.12.001.

Franz, Wan-ju Iris (2017). “Economics of Vanity Sizing”. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 134: 336–355. doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2017.01.004.

Moda sostenibile online – Gaia Segattini Knotwear (last visit on 11/01/2026)

DENIM THAT LOVES YOUR BODY (last visit on 11/01/2026)

Sport and fitness resources

Camilla Lorentzen (@camillalor) • Foto e video di Instagram (last visit on 12/01/2026)

Mila (last visit on 12/01/2026)

Ilona Maher (@ilonamaher) • Foto e video di Instagram (last visit on 12/01/2026)

Communities and safe-spaces resources

Mila (last visit on 13/01/2026)

Mila (@milamovement) • Foto e video di Instagram (last visit on 13/01/2026)

Inclusive Fitness Education & Community – BPFA (last visit on 13/01/2026)

Portland Fat-Friendly Gym All Bodies Strong Goes Beyond Body Positivity | Portland Monthly (last visit on 13/01/2026)

All Bodies Strong – Size-Inclusive Fitness in Portland (last visit on 13/01/2026)